0001408198-24-000170 | 10-Q | XBRL Viewer

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill

The following table presents goodwill by reportable segment:


(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Goodwill at December 31, 2023	$	1,203,435	$	290,976	$	84,724	$	1,308,557	$	2,887,692
Acquisitions (1)	18,320		5,031		(365)		(582)		22,404
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	3,095		—		1,876		1,035		6,006
Goodwill at September 30, 2024	$	1,224,850	$	296,007	$	86,235	$	1,309,010	$	2,916,102

___________________________

(1)Reflects the impact of the acquisitions of Foxberry, Fabric, Trove and Burgiss.

The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test as of July 1, 2024 on its Index, Analytics, ESG and Climate, Real Assets and Private Capital Solutions reporting units, which are also the Company’s operating segments, and no impairments were noted. The Company performed a test for impairment and determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit was greater than its carrying value. See Note 12, “Segment Information,” for further descriptions of the operating segments.

Intangible Assets, Net

The following table presents the amount of amortization expense related to intangible assets by category for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Amortization expense of acquired intangible assets	$	26,066	$	15,748	$	77,226	$	47,430
Amortization expense of internally developed capitalized software	15,873		10,974		44,090		30,113
Total amortization of intangible assets expense	$	41,939	$	26,722	$	121,316	$	77,543

The gross carrying and accumulated amortization amounts related to the Company’s intangible assets were as follows:


	September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
(in thousands)	Gross intangible assets:		Accumulated amortization:		Net intangible assets:		Gross intangible assets:		Accumulated amortization:		Net intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	716,121	$	(369,817)	$	346,304	$	709,299	$	(340,248)	$	369,051
Proprietary data	454,477		(96,417)		358,060		452,543		(64,694)		387,849
Acquired technology and software	258,108		(195,608)		62,500		228,785		(185,583)		43,202
Trademarks	209,090		(179,238)		29,852		209,090		(171,715)		37,375
Internally developed capitalized software	297,489		(162,777)		134,712		237,060		(118,303)		118,757
Total	$	1,935,285	$	(1,003,857)	$	931,428	$	1,836,777	$	(880,543)	$	956,234

The following table presents the estimated amortization expense for the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2024 and succeeding years:


Years Ending December 31, (in thousands)	Amortization Expense
Remainder of 2024	$	43,292
2025	151,514
2026	115,881
2027	83,803
2028	70,413
Thereafter	466,525
Total	$	931,428

INTRODUCTION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Policies)	9 Months Ended
INTRODUCTION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Policies)	Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. If not materially different, certain note disclosures included therein have been omitted from these interim condensed consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the interim consolidated financial statements, have been included. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year. The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Use of Estimates	The Company makes certain estimates and judgments that can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of operating revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Significant estimates and judgments made by management include such examples as assessment of impairment of goodwill and intangible assets and income taxes. The Company believes that estimates used in the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable; however, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Inter-company balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.
Concentrations	Concentrations For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”) accounted for 10.1% and 10.1% of the Company’s consolidated operating revenues, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, BlackRock accounted for 17.8% and 17.0% of the Index segment’s operating revenues, respectively. No single customer represented 10.0% or more of operating revenues within the Analytics, ESG and Climate or All Other – Private Assets segments for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” or ASU 2023-07. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 aim to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and subsequent interim periods, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2023-07 will expand our disclosures, and we do not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-07 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” or ASU 2023-09. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 aim to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on disclosures within its consolidated financial statements.

DEBT - Schedule of Senior Unsecured Notes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 26, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal Amount Outstanding		$ 4,511,875
Carrying Value		4,484,772	$ 4,507,728
Fair Value		4,241,774	4,124,310
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized		$ 31,400
4.000% senior unsecured notes due 2029 \| Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate (as percent)		4.00%
Maturity Date		Nov. 15, 2029
Principal Amount Outstanding		$ 1,000,000
Carrying Value		994,455	993,637
Fair Value		$ 969,260	941,090
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2030 \| Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate (as percent)		3.625%
Maturity Date		Sep. 01, 2030
Principal Amount Outstanding		$ 900,000
Carrying Value		896,083	895,587
Fair Value		$ 845,694	815,526
3.875% senior unsecured notes due 2031 \| Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate (as percent)		3.875%
Maturity Date		Feb. 15, 2031
Principal Amount Outstanding		$ 1,000,000
Carrying Value		992,981	992,161
Fair Value		$ 946,870	914,360
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2031 \| Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate (as percent)		3.625%
Maturity Date		Nov. 01, 2031
Principal Amount Outstanding		$ 600,000
Carrying Value		595,345	594,852
Fair Value		$ 552,696	529,458
3.250% senior unsecured notes due 2033 \| Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate (as percent)		3.25%
Maturity Date		Aug. 15, 2033
Principal Amount Outstanding		$ 700,000
Carrying Value		694,033	693,532
Fair Value		$ 616,938	586,509
Variable rate Tranche A Term Loans due 2027 \| Line of Credit \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maturity Date		Feb. 16, 2027
Principal Amount Outstanding		$ 0
Carrying Value		0	337,959
Fair Value		$ 0	337,367
Variable rate revolving loan commitments \| Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maturity Date	Jan. 26, 2029	Jan. 26, 2029
Principal Amount Outstanding		$ 311,875
Carrying Value		311,875	0
Fair Value		310,316	$ 0
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized		4,300
Variable rate revolving loan commitments \| Prepaid and Other Assets \| Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized		1,000
Variable rate revolving loan commitments \| Other Non-Current Assets \| Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized		$ 3,300

LEASES - Schedule of Other Information Under Operating Lease (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash flows used for operating leases	$ 23,882	$ 22,918
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 26,926	$ 8,896

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Treasury Stock	Additional Paid in Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ (1,007,925)	$ 1,336	$ (5,938,116)	$ 1,515,874	$ 3,473,192	$ (60,211)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	238,728				238,728
Dividends declared	(111,986)				(111,986)
Dividends paid in shares	44			44
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	2,775					2,775
Common stock issued	2	2
Shares withheld for tax withholding and exercises	(43,960)		(43,960)
Compensation payable in common stock	20,988			20,988
Common stock issued to Directors and (held in)/released from treasury	(30)		(30)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	(901,364)	1,338	(5,982,106)	1,536,906	3,599,934	(57,436)
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	(1,007,925)	1,336	(5,938,116)	1,515,874	3,473,192	(60,211)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	745,212
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(811)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	(1,049,096)	1,338	(6,447,042)	1,571,442	3,886,188	(61,022)
Beginning Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	(901,364)	1,338	(5,982,106)	1,536,906	3,599,934	(57,436)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	246,825				246,825
Dividends declared	(110,383)				(110,383)
Dividends paid in shares	33			33
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	791					791
Shares withheld for tax withholding and exercises	(611)		(611)
Compensation payable in common stock	16,426			16,426
Common stock repurchased and held in treasury	(444,655)		(444,655)
Common stock issued to Directors and (held in)/released from treasury	(730)		(730)
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	(1,193,668)	1,338	(6,428,102)	1,553,365	3,736,376	(56,645)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	259,659				259,659
Dividends declared	(109,847)				(109,847)
Dividends paid in shares	30			30
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(4,377)					(4,377)
Shares withheld for tax withholding and exercises	(871)		(871)
Compensation payable in common stock	18,047			18,047
Common stock repurchased and held in treasury	(18,039)		(18,039)
Common stock issued to Directors and (held in)/released from treasury	(30)		(30)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	(1,049,096)	1,338	(6,447,042)	1,571,442	3,886,188	(61,022)
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	(739,764)	1,338	(6,447,101)	1,587,670	4,179,681	(61,352)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	255,954				255,954
Dividends declared	(129,444)				(129,444)
Dividends paid in shares	74			74
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(2,205)					(2,205)
Common stock issued	3	3
Shares withheld for tax withholding and exercises	(69,991)		(69,991)
Compensation payable in common stock	34,894			34,894
Common stock issued to Directors and (held in)/released from treasury	(38)		(38)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2024	(650,517)	1,341	(6,517,130)	1,622,638	4,306,191	(63,557)
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	(739,764)	1,338	(6,447,101)	1,587,670	4,179,681	(61,352)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	803,613
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	8,372
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2024	(750,998)	1,341	(6,960,512)	1,660,793	4,600,360	(52,980)
Beginning Balance at Mar. 31, 2024	(650,517)	1,341	(6,517,130)	1,622,638	4,306,191	(63,557)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	266,758				266,758
Dividends declared	(127,304)				(127,304)
Dividends paid in shares	40			40
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(1,278)					(1,278)
Shares withheld for tax withholding and exercises	(200)		(200)
Compensation payable in common stock	19,707			19,707
Common stock repurchased and held in treasury	(243,035)		(243,035)
Common stock issued to Directors and (held in)/released from treasury	1,346		1,346
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2024	(734,483)	1,341	(6,759,019)	1,642,385	4,445,645	(64,835)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	280,901				280,901
Dividends declared	(126,186)				(126,186)
Dividends paid in shares	8			8
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	11,855					11,855
Shares withheld for tax withholding and exercises	(761)		(761)
Compensation payable in common stock	18,400			18,400
Common stock repurchased and held in treasury	(200,724)		(200,724)
Common stock issued to Directors and (held in)/released from treasury	(8)		(8)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ (750,998)	$ 1,341	$ (6,960,512)	$ 1,660,793	$ 4,600,360	$ (52,980)

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS	9 Months Ended
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS	Sep. 30, 2024
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS	SUBSEQUENT EVENTS On October 28, 2024, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $1.60 per share for the three months ending December 31, 2024 (“fourth quarter 2024”). The fourth quarter 2024 dividend is payable on November 29, 2024 to shareholders of record as of the close of trading on November 15, 2024. On October 28, 2024, the Board of Directors authorized an additional stock repurchase program for the purchase of up to $1.5 billion worth of shares of MSCI’s common stock (together with the $405.4 million of authorization then remaining under the 2022 Repurchase Program, the “2024 Repurchase Program”). Share repurchases made pursuant to the 2024 Repurchase Program may take place in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time based on market and other conditions. This authorization may be modified, suspended or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time without prior notice. Subsequent to September 30, 2024, the Company repaid $125.0 million of the outstanding balance of the revolving loans under the Revolving Credit Facility.

DEBT - Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Remainder of 2024	$ 0
2025	0
2026	0
2027	0
2028	0
Thereafter	4,511,875
Total debt	$ 4,511,875

SEGMENT INFORMATION (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Operating Revenues by Reportable Segment

The following table presents operating revenues by reportable segment for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating revenues
Index	$	404,882	$	362,122	$	1,175,946	$	1,063,820
Analytics	172,376		154,268		502,337		451,219
ESG and Climate	83,643		73,038		241,382		211,315
All Other - Private Assets	63,804		36,011		192,954		112,460
Total	$	724,705	$	625,439	$	2,112,619	$	1,838,814

Schedule of Segment Profitability and Reconciliation to Net Income

The following table presents segment profitability and a reconciliation to net income for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Index Adjusted EBITDA	$	314,148	$	277,672	$	898,898	$	808,424
Analytics Adjusted EBITDA	90,287		71,781		244,171		197,710
ESG and Climate Adjusted EBITDA	29,989		25,440		75,010		66,114
All Other - Private Assets Adjusted EBITDA	16,278		11,396		46,151		36,076
Total reportable segment profitability	450,702		386,289		1,264,230		1,108,324

Amortization of intangible assets	41,939		26,722		121,316		77,543
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	4,332		5,252		12,639		15,911
Acquisition-related integration and transaction costs(1)	3,097		1,006		6,951		1,006
Operating income	401,334		353,309		1,123,324		1,013,864

Other expense (income), net	44,398		35,653		130,501		112,678
Provision for income taxes	76,035		57,997		189,210		155,974
Net income	$	280,901	$	259,659	$	803,613	$	745,212

___________________________

(1)Represents transaction expenses and other costs directly related to the acquisition and integration of acquired businesses, including professional fees, severance expenses, regulatory filing fees and other costs, in each case that are incurred no later than 12 months after the close of the relevant acquisition.

Schedule of Operating Revenues by Geographic Area

Operating revenues by geography are primarily based on the shipping address of the ultimate customer utilizing the product. The following table presents operating revenues by geographic area for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating revenues
Americas:
United States	$	297,577	$	246,089	$	868,695	$	740,939
Other	32,631		28,243		95,976		83,353
Total Americas	330,208		274,332		964,671		824,292


Europe, the Middle East and Africa ("EMEA"):
United Kingdom	122,384		105,036		351,922		296,388
Other	157,739		142,826		466,701		420,996
Total EMEA	280,123		247,862		818,623		717,384


Asia & Australia:
Japan	28,833		24,956		84,377		75,258
Other	85,541		78,289		244,948		221,880
Total Asia & Australia	114,374		103,245		329,325		297,138


Total	$	724,705	$	625,439	$	2,112,619	$	1,838,814

Schedule of Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Area

Long-lived assets consist of property, equipment and leasehold improvements, right of use assets and internally developed capitalized software, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. The following table presents long-lived assets by geographic area on the dates indicated:


	As of
	September 30,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Long-lived assets
Americas:
United States	$	241,336	$	204,238
Other	8,484		11,585
Total Americas	249,820		215,823


EMEA:
United Kingdom	18,033		18,403
Other	20,955		22,072
Total EMEA	38,988		40,475


Asia & Australia:
Japan	1,004		1,321
Other	28,943		31,507
Total Asia & Australia	29,947		32,828


Total	$	318,755	$	289,126

SEGMENT INFORMATION - Schedule of Segment Profitability and Reconciliation to Net Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA	$ 450,702			$ 386,289			$ 1,264,230	$ 1,108,324
Amortization of intangible assets	41,939			26,722			121,316	77,543
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	4,332			5,252			12,639	15,911
Acquisition-related integration and transaction costs	3,097			1,006			6,951	1,006
Operating income	401,334			353,309			1,123,324	1,013,864
Other expense (income), net	44,398			35,653			130,501	112,678
Provision for income taxes	76,035			57,997			189,210	155,974
Net income	280,901	$ 266,758	$ 255,954	259,659	$ 246,825	$ 238,728	803,613	745,212
Index
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA	314,148			277,672			898,898	808,424
Analytics
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA	90,287			71,781			244,171	197,710
ESG and Climate
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA	29,989			25,440			75,010	66,114
All Other - Private Assets
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Adjusted EBITDA	$ 16,278			$ 11,396			$ 46,151	$ 36,076

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Schedule of Activity Related to Shares of Common Stock Issued and Repurchased (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024
Movement In Equity Shares [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares)	134,075,817	134,070,097	133,817,332	133,817,332
Beginning balance (in shares)	(55,326,132)	(54,846,048)	(54,726,120)	(54,726,120)
Beginning balance (in shares)	78,749,685	79,224,049	79,091,212	79,091,212
Ending balance (in shares)	134,079,131	134,075,817	134,070,097	134,079,131
Ending balance (in shares)	(55,707,929)	(55,326,132)	(54,846,048)	(55,707,929)
Ending balance (in shares)	78,371,202	78,749,685	79,224,049	78,371,202
Common Stock Issued
Movement In Equity Shares [Roll Forward]
Dividend payable/paid (in shares)			61
Common stock issued (in shares)	3,301	779	252,637
Shares issued to directors (in shares)	13	4,941	67
Treasury Stock
Movement In Equity Shares [Roll Forward]
Shares withheld for tax withholding (in shares)	(1,387)	(359)	(119,861)
Shares repurchased under stock repurchase programs (in shares)	(380,397)	(499,224)
Shares issued to directors (in shares)	13	(19,499)	67
Common Stock Outstanding
Movement In Equity Shares [Roll Forward]
Dividend payable/paid (in shares)			61
Common stock issued (in shares)	3,301	779	252,637
Shares withheld for tax withholding (in shares)	(1,387)	(359)	(119,861)
Shares repurchased under stock repurchase programs (in shares)	(380,397)	(499,224)
Shares issued to directors (in shares)		24,440

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

Return of capital

On July 28, 2022, the Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program (the “2022 Repurchase Program”) for the purchase of up to $1,000.0 million worth of shares of MSCI’s common stock in addition to the $539.1 million of authorization then remaining under a previously existing share repurchase program that was replaced by, and incorporated into, the 2022 Repurchase Program for a total of $1,539.1 million of stock repurchase authorization available under the 2022 Repurchase Program.

Share repurchases made pursuant to the 2022 Repurchase Program may take place in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time based on market and other conditions. This authorization may be modified, suspended or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time without prior notice. As of September 30, 2024, there was $405.4 million of available authorization remaining under the 2022 Repurchase Program.

The following table provides information with respect to repurchases of the Company’s common stock made on the open market:


Nine months ended (in thousands, except per share data)	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Repurchased	Dollar Value of Shares Repurchased(1)
September 30, 2024	$	500.52	880	$	440,265
September 30, 2023	$	468.26	980	$	458,721

___________________________

(1)The values in this column exclude the 1% excise tax incurred on share repurchases pursuant to the Inflation Reduction Act. Any excise tax incurred is recognized as part of the cost of the shares acquired in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit).

The following table presents dividends declared per common share as well as total amounts declared, distributed and deferred for the periods indicated:


	Dividends
(in thousands, except per share data)	Per Share		Declared		Distributed		(Released)/Deferred
2024
Three Months Ended March 31,	$	1.60	$	129,444	$	131,378	$	(1,934)
Three Months Ended June 30,	1.60		127,304		126,958		346
Three Months Ended September 30,	1.60		126,185		125,763		422

Total	$	4.80	$	382,933	$	384,099	$	(1,166)

2023
Three Months Ended March 31,	$	1.38	$	111,986	$	112,189	$	(203)
Three Months Ended June 30,	1.38		110,383		110,147		236
Three Months Ended September 30,	1.38		109,847		109,408		439

Total	$	4.14	$	332,216	$	331,744	$	472

Common Stock

The following table presents activity related to shares of common stock issued and repurchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2024:


	Common Stock	Treasury	Common Stock
	Issued	Stock	Outstanding
Balance at December 31, 2023	133,817,332	(54,726,120)	79,091,212
Dividend payable/paid	61	—	61
Common stock issued	252,637	—	252,637
Shares withheld for tax withholding	—	(119,861)	(119,861)
Shares repurchased under stock repurchase programs	—	—	—
Shares issued to directors	67	(67)	—
Balance at March 31, 2024	134,070,097	(54,846,048)	79,224,049

Dividend payable/paid	—	—	—
Common stock issued	779	—	779
Shares withheld for tax withholding	—	(359)	(359)
Shares repurchased under stock repurchase programs	—	(499,224)	(499,224)
Shares issued to directors	4,941	19,499	24,440
Balance at June 30, 2024	134,075,817	(55,326,132)	78,749,685

Dividend payable/paid	—	—	—
Common stock issued	3,301	—	3,301
Shares withheld for tax withholding	—	(1,387)	(1,387)
Shares repurchased under stock repurchase programs	—	(380,397)	(380,397)
Shares issued to directors	13	(13)	—
Balance at September 30, 2024	134,079,131	(55,707,929)	78,371,202

- Definition

The entire disclosure for equity.

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EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income	$ 280,901	$ 266,758	$ 255,954	$ 259,659	$ 246,825	$ 238,728	$ 803,613	$ 745,212
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	78,499			79,116			78,925	79,580
Effect of dilutive securities:
PSUs, RSUs and PSOs (in shares)	230			384			234	379
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding (in USD per share)	78,729			79,500			79,159	79,959
Earnings per common share:
Basic (in USD per share)	$ 3.58			$ 3.28			$ 10.18	$ 9.36
Diluted (in USD per share)	$ 3.57			$ 3.27			$ 10.15	$ 9.32

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.

+ References

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- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.

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+ Details

INCOME TAXES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
INCOME TAXES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Provision for income taxes	$ 76,035	$ 57,997	$ 189,210	$ 155,974
Effective tax rate (as percent)			19.10%	17.30%
Amounts effect on effective tax rate	12,400	$ 19,800	$ 12,400	$ 19,800
Amount of excess tax benefits recognized on share-based compensation vested			15,900	11,400
Effective income tax rate reconciliation, tax settlement, amount			3,500	$ 8,400
Decrease in unrecognized tax benefits is reasonably possible	22,100		22,100
Unrecognized tax benefits, period increase	$ 100		$ 2,200

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Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

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-Topic 740
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482659/740-20-45-2

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h))
-SubTopic 10
-Topic 235
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

+ Details

PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS, NET

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS, NET

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:


	As of
	September 30,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Computer & related equipment	$	167,939	$	192,008
Furniture & fixtures	15,980		16,169
Leasehold improvements	56,412		58,582
Work-in-process	1,646		897
Subtotal	241,977		267,656

Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(179,660)		(211,736)
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	$	62,317	$	55,920

Depreciation and amortization expense of property, equipment and leasehold improvements was $4.3 million and $5.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Depreciation and amortization expense of property, equipment and leasehold improvements was $12.6 million and $15.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

DEBT - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)			1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
DEBT - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Jan. 26, 2024	Jun. 09, 2022	Sep. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding			$ 4,511,875,000		$ 4,511,875,000
Loss on extinguishment of debt				$ 1,500,000	1,510,000	$ 0
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized			31,400,000		31,400,000
Long-Term Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized			27,100,000		27,100,000
Senior Notes \| Senior Unsecured Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding			4,200,000,000		4,200,000,000
Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility \| Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding			311,875,000		$ 311,875,000
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 1,250,000,000
Proceeds from debt	$ 336,900,000
Payment on credit facility			$ 25,000,000.0
Interest rate on the revolving loans (as percent)			6.45%		6.45%
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized			$ 4,300,000		$ 4,300,000
Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility \| Credit Agreement \| Prepaid and Other Assets
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized			1,000,000.0		1,000,000.0
Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility \| Credit Agreement \| Other Non-Current Assets
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized			3,300,000		3,300,000
Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility \| Credit Agreement \| Base Rate Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate (as percent)	0.50%
Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility \| Credit Agreement \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate (as percent)	1.50%
Line of Credit \| Unsecured Debt \| Prior Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding			$ 0		$ 0
Line of Credit \| Unsecured Debt \| Prior Credit Agreement \| Base Rate Loans \| Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate (as percent)		0.50%
Line of Credit \| Unsecured Debt \| Prior Credit Agreement \| Base Rate Loans \| Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate (as percent)		1.00%
Line of Credit \| Unsecured Debt \| Prior Credit Agreement \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) \| Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate (as percent)		1.50%
Line of Credit \| Unsecured Debt \| Prior Credit Agreement \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) \| Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, basis spread on variable rate (as percent)		2.00%

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Change to Company's Goodwill

The following table presents goodwill by reportable segment:


(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Goodwill at December 31, 2023	$	1,203,435	$	290,976	$	84,724	$	1,308,557	$	2,887,692
Acquisitions (1)	18,320		5,031		(365)		(582)		22,404
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	3,095		—		1,876		1,035		6,006
Goodwill at September 30, 2024	$	1,224,850	$	296,007	$	86,235	$	1,309,010	$	2,916,102

___________________________

(1)Reflects the impact of the acquisitions of Foxberry, Fabric, Trove and Burgiss.

Schedule of Amortization Expense Related to Intangible Assets by Category

The following table presents the amount of amortization expense related to intangible assets by category for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Amortization expense of acquired intangible assets	$	26,066	$	15,748	$	77,226	$	47,430
Amortization expense of internally developed capitalized software	15,873		10,974		44,090		30,113
Total amortization of intangible assets expense	$	41,939	$	26,722	$	121,316	$	77,543

Schedule of Gross Carrying and Accumulated Amortization Amounts Related to Company's Intangible Assets

The gross carrying and accumulated amortization amounts related to the Company’s intangible assets were as follows:


	September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
(in thousands)	Gross intangible assets:		Accumulated amortization:		Net intangible assets:		Gross intangible assets:		Accumulated amortization:		Net intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	716,121	$	(369,817)	$	346,304	$	709,299	$	(340,248)	$	369,051
Proprietary data	454,477		(96,417)		358,060		452,543		(64,694)		387,849
Acquired technology and software	258,108		(195,608)		62,500		228,785		(185,583)		43,202
Trademarks	209,090		(179,238)		29,852		209,090		(171,715)		37,375
Internally developed capitalized software	297,489		(162,777)		134,712		237,060		(118,303)		118,757
Total	$	1,935,285	$	(1,003,857)	$	931,428	$	1,836,777	$	(880,543)	$	956,234

Schedule of Estimated Amortization Expense for Remainder Succeeding Years

The following table presents the estimated amortization expense for the remainder of the year ending December 31, 2024 and succeeding years:


Years Ending December 31, (in thousands)	Amortization Expense
Remainder of 2024	$	43,292
2025	151,514
2026	115,881
2027	83,803
2028	70,413
Thereafter	466,525
Total	$	931,428

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of goodwill by reportable segment and in total which includes a rollforward schedule.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 24
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482548/350-20-55-24

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (g)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1A
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1A

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-2

+ Details

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Computation of Basic and Diluted EPS

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted EPS:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net income	$	280,901	$	259,659	$	803,613	$	745,212

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	78,499		79,116		78,925		79,580
Effect of dilutive securities:
PSUs, RSUs and PSOs	230		384		234		379
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	78,729		79,500		79,159		79,959


Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	3.58	$	3.28	$	10.18	$	9.36
Diluted	$	3.57	$	3.27	$	10.15	$	9.32

INTRODUCTION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

INTRODUCTION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

MSCI Inc., together with its wholly owned subsidiaries (the “Company” or “MSCI”) is a leading provider of critical decision support tools and solutions for the global investment community. Our mission-critical offerings help investors address the challenges of a transforming investment landscape and power better investment decisions. Leveraging our knowledge of the global investment process and our expertise in research, data and technology, we enable our clients to understand and analyze key drivers of risk and return and confidently and efficiently build more effective portfolios. Our products and services include indexes; portfolio construction and risk management tools; environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) and climate solutions; and private asset data and analysis.

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. If not materially different, certain note disclosures included therein have been omitted from these interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the interim consolidated financial statements, have been included. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year.

The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The Company makes certain estimates and judgments that can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of operating revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Significant estimates and judgments made by management include such examples as assessment of impairment of goodwill and intangible assets and income taxes. The Company believes that estimates used in the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable; however, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Inter-company balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Concentrations

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”) accounted for 10.1% and 10.1% of the Company’s consolidated operating revenues, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, BlackRock accounted for 17.8% and 17.0% of the Index segment’s operating revenues, respectively. No single customer represented 10.0% or more of operating revenues within the Analytics, ESG and Climate or All Other – Private Assets segments for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Changes in the allowance for credit losses from December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2024 were as follows:


(in thousands)	Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	2,652
Addition to credit loss expense	2,196
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(880)
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	3,968

Addition to credit loss expense	2,377
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(1,982)
Balance as of September 30, 2024	$	4,363

ACQUISITIONS - Schedule of Preliminary Acquired Balances Related to Acquisition (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 16, 2024	Jan. 02, 2024	Nov. 01, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Contingent consideration liability				$ 28,200
Goodwill				2,916,102	$ 2,887,692
Other Accrued Liabilities
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Contingent consideration liability				9,300
Other Non-Current Liabilities
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Contingent consideration liability				$ 18,900
Trove
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash payments			$ 37,465
Deferred payments			0
Contingent consideration liability			0
Aggregate purchase price			37,465
Net tangible assets acquired (liabilities assumed)			(4,787)
Intangible assets			7,705
Goodwill			34,547
Net assets acquired			$ 37,465
Weighted average amortization period of intangible assets (years)			13 years
Fabric
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash payments		$ 7,959
Deferred payments		0
Contingent consideration liability		8,146
Aggregate purchase price		16,105
Net tangible assets acquired (liabilities assumed)		(226)
Intangible assets		11,300
Goodwill		5,031
Net assets acquired		$ 16,105
Weighted average amortization period of intangible assets (years)		9 years 1 month 6 days
Foxberry
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash payments	$ 20,945
Deferred payments	2,529
Contingent consideration liability	19,094
Aggregate purchase price	42,568
Net tangible assets acquired (liabilities assumed)	1,748
Intangible assets	22,500
Goodwill	18,320
Net assets acquired	$ 42,568
Weighted average amortization period of intangible assets (years)	7 years 10 months 24 days

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Jul. 28, 2022
2022 Repurchase Program
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Repurchase program authorizing the purchase of shares		$ 1,000,000,000
Stock repurchase program, remaining authorized repurchase amount	$ 405,400,000	1,539,100,000
2020 Repurchase Program
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, remaining authorized repurchase amount		$ 539,100,000

INTRODUCTION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION - Narrative (Details) - Blackrock Inc - Customer Concentration Risk	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Product and Service Benchmark
Introduction And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Percentage of operating revenues accounted for by major customer	10.10%	10.10%
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Segment Benchmark \| Index
Introduction And Basis Of Presentation [Line Items]
Percentage of operating revenues accounted for by major customer	17.80%	17.00%

ACQUISITIONS - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands					3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
ACQUISITIONS - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 16, 2024	Jan. 02, 2024	Nov. 01, 2023	Oct. 02, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024
Burgiss Group Limited Liability Company
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business acquisition, percentage of voting interests acquired				66.40%
Cash payments				$ 696,800
Existing interest in acquiree, percentage				33.60%
Fair value at acquisition date				$ 353,200
Pre-tax gain on remeasurement				$ 143,000
Weighted average amortization period of intangible assets (years)				14 years 9 months 18 days
Revenue of acquiree since acquisition date, actual					$ 27,000	$ 78,000
Trove Research Ltd
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash payments			$ 37,465
Weighted average amortization period of intangible assets (years)			13 years
Revenue of acquiree since acquisition date, actual					1,100	3,500
Fabric RQ, Inc
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash payments		$ 7,959
Weighted average amortization period of intangible assets (years)		9 years 1 month 6 days
Revenue of acquiree since acquisition date, actual					189	526
Foxberry
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash payments	$ 20,945
Weighted average amortization period of intangible assets (years)	7 years 10 months 24 days
Revenue of acquiree since acquisition date, actual					$ 207	$ 385

ACQUISITIONS (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation

The table below represents the final purchase price allocation to total assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective estimated fair values as of October 2, 2023 and the associated estimated useful lives of acquired intangibles as of that date.


(in thousands)	Estimated Useful Life	Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents		$	5,397
Accounts receivable		25,839
Prepaid Income Taxes		72
Other current assets		4,201
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net		670
Right of use assets		3,443
Other non-current assets		487
Deferred revenue		(21,479)
Other current liabilities		(13,705)
Long-term operating lease liabilities		(2,525)


Intangible assets:
Proprietary data	11 years	229,900
Customer relationships	21 years	179,900
Acquired technology and software	3 years	19,000
Trademarks	1 year	900
Goodwill		617,834
Net assets acquired		$	1,049,934

Schedule of Preliminary Acquired Balances Related to Acquisition

The following table presents the preliminary acquired balances related to the acquisitions of Trove, Fabric and Foxberry:


(in thousands, except weighted average amortization period of intangible asset)	Trove		Fabric		Foxberry
Acquisition Date	November 1, 2023		January 2, 2024		April 16, 2024

Cash payments	$	37,465	$	7,959	$	20,945
Deferred payments	—		—		2,529
Contingent consideration liability	—		8,146		19,094
Aggregate purchase price	$	37,465	$	16,105	$	42,568


Net tangible assets acquired (liabilities assumed)	$	(4,787)	$	(226)	$	1,748
Intangible assets	7,705		11,300		22,500
Goodwill	34,547		5,031		18,320
Aggregate purchase price	$	37,465	$	16,105	$	42,568


Weighted average amortization period of intangible assets (years)	13.0		9.1		7.9

Schedule of Changes in the Company’s Level 3 Financial Liabilities

Changes in the Company’s Level 3 financial liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Beginning balance	$	27,746	$	—	$	—	$	—
Additions of contingent consideration1	—		—		27,240		—
Change in fair value	448		—		954		—
Payments	—		—		—		—
Ending Balance	$	28,194	$	—	$	28,194	$	—

___________________________

(1)Reflects balance of contingent consideration at acquisition date fair value.

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the assumed conversion of all dilutive securities, including, when applicable, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance stock units (“PSUs”) and performance stock options (“PSOs”).

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted EPS:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net income	$	280,901	$	259,659	$	803,613	$	745,212

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	78,499		79,116		78,925		79,580
Effect of dilutive securities:
PSUs, RSUs and PSOs	230		384		234		379
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	78,729		79,500		79,159		79,959


Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	3.58	$	3.28	$	10.18	$	9.36
Diluted	$	3.57	$	3.27	$	10.15	$	9.32

DEBT (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Senior Unsecured Notes

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had outstanding an aggregate of $4,200.0 million in senior unsecured notes (collectively, the “Senior Notes”) and $311.9 million under the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below) as presented in the table below:


		Principal Amount Outstanding at		Carrying Value at		Carrying Value at		Fair Value at		Fair Value at
(in thousands)	Maturity Date	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Debt
4.000% senior unsecured notes due 2029	November 15, 2029	$	1,000,000	$	994,455	$	993,637	$	969,260	$	941,090
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2030	September 1, 2030	900,000		896,083		895,587		845,694		815,526
3.875% senior unsecured notes due 2031	February 15, 2031	1,000,000		992,981		992,161		946,870		914,360
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2031	November 1, 2031	600,000		595,345		594,852		552,696		529,458
3.250% senior unsecured notes due 2033	August 15, 2033	700,000		694,033		693,532		616,938		586,509
Variable rate Tranche A Term Loans due 2027	February 16, 2027	—		—		337,959		—		337,367
Variable rate revolving loan commitments(1)	January 26, 2029	311,875		311,875		—		310,316		—
Total debt		$	4,511,875	$	4,484,772	$	4,507,728	$	4,241,774	$	4,124,310

___________________________

(1)As of September 30, 2024, there were $4.3 million in unamortized deferred financing fees associated with the variable rate revolving loan commitments of which $1.0 million is included in “Prepaid and other assets,” and $3.3 million is included in “Other non-current assets” on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.

Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt

Maturities of the Company’s principal debt payments as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


Maturity of Principal Debt Payments (in thousands)	Amounts
Remainder of 2024	$	—
2025	—
2026	—
2027	—
2028	—
Thereafter	4,511,875
Total debt	$	4,511,875

Schedule of Interest Payments Due Attributable to Outstanding indebtedness

Interest payments attributable to the Company’s outstanding indebtedness are due as presented in the following table:

Interest payment frequency

First interest
payment date

Senior Notes and Revolving Loan Commitments

4.000% senior unsecured notes due 2029

Semi-Annual

May 15

3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2030

Semi-Annual

March 1

3.875% senior unsecured notes due 2031

Semi-Annual

June 1

3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2031

Semi-Annual

May 1

3.250% senior unsecured notes due 2033

Semi-Annual

February 15

Variable rate revolving loan commitments(1)

Variable

February 26

___________________________

(1)The first payment occurred on February 26, 2024.

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of long-debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the entity, if longer.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
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+ Details

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Schedule of Change to Company's Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	$ 2,887,692
Acquisitions	22,404
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	6,006
Goodwill, ending balance	2,916,102
Index
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	1,203,435
Acquisitions	18,320
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	3,095
Goodwill, ending balance	1,224,850
Analytics
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	290,976
Acquisitions	5,031
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	0
Goodwill, ending balance	296,007
ESG and Climate
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	84,724
Acquisitions	(365)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	1,876
Goodwill, ending balance	86,235
All Other - Private Assets
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	1,308,557
Acquisitions	(582)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	1,035
Goodwill, ending balance	$ 1,309,010

- Definition

Amount, after accumulated impairment loss, of asset representing future economic benefit arising from other asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, that is not individually identified and separately recognized.

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+ Details

LEASES - Schedule of Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate Under Operating Leases (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	6 years 3 months 14 days	7 years 14 days
Weighted-average discount rate	3.99%	3.66%

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income	$ 280,901	$ 266,758	$ 255,954	$ 259,659	$ 246,825	$ 238,728	$ 803,613	$ 745,212

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

+ Details

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Restricted cash, current	$ 3,909	$ 3,878
Accounts receivable, allowance for credit loss, current	$ 4,363	$ 3,968
Preferred stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	750,000,000	750,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	134,079,131	133,817,332
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	78,371,202	79,091,212
Shares repurchased (in shares)	55,707,929	54,726,120

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Schedule of Gross Carrying and Accumulated Amortization Amounts Related to Company's Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets:	$ 1,935,285	$ 1,836,777
Accumulated amortization:	(1,003,857)	(880,543)
Net intangible assets:	931,428	956,234
Customer relationships
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets:	716,121	709,299
Accumulated amortization:	(369,817)	(340,248)
Net intangible assets:	346,304	369,051
Proprietary data
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets:	454,477	452,543
Accumulated amortization:	(96,417)	(64,694)
Net intangible assets:	358,060	387,849
Acquired technology and software
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets:	258,108	228,785
Accumulated amortization:	(195,608)	(185,583)
Net intangible assets:	62,500	43,202
Trademarks
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets:	209,090	209,090
Accumulated amortization:	(179,238)	(171,715)
Net intangible assets:	29,852	37,375
Internally developed capitalized software
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross intangible assets:	297,489	237,060
Accumulated amortization:	(162,777)	(118,303)
Net intangible assets:	$ 134,712	$ 118,757

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Operating revenues	$ 724,705	$ 625,439	$ 2,112,619	$ 1,838,814
Costs and Expenses [Abstract]
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	126,192	105,311	382,815	324,024
Selling and marketing	70,763	66,581	214,385	201,044
Research and development	38,584	31,438	120,182	92,901
General and administrative	41,561	36,826	137,958	113,527
Amortization of intangible assets	41,939	26,722	121,316	77,543
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	4,332	5,252	12,639	15,911
Total operating expenses	323,371	272,130	989,295	824,950
Operating income	401,334	353,309	1,123,324	1,013,864
Interest income	(5,217)	(10,314)	(17,375)	(31,079)
Interest expense	46,688	46,902	139,995	139,725
Other expense (income)	2,927	(935)	7,881	4,032
Other expense (income), net	44,398	35,653	130,501	112,678
Income before provision for income taxes	356,936	317,656	992,823	901,186
Provision for income taxes	76,035	57,997	189,210	155,974
Net income	$ 280,901	$ 259,659	$ 803,613	$ 745,212
Earnings per share:
Basic (in USD per share)	$ 3.58	$ 3.28	$ 10.18	$ 9.36
Diluted (in USD per share)	$ 3.57	$ 3.27	$ 10.15	$ 9.32
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic (in USD per share)	78,499	79,116	78,925	79,580
Diluted (in USD per share)	78,729	79,500	79,159	79,959

PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS, NET - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	$ 4,332	$ 5,252	$ 12,639	$ 15,911

LEASES (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Lease Expense (Income), Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate, and Other Information Related to the Company's Operating Leases

The components of lease expense (income) of the Company’s operating leases are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating lease expenses	$	9,339	$	7,278	$	24,133	$	21,570
Variable lease costs	275		1,022		1,894		2,843
Short-term lease costs	228		108		667		547
Sublease income	(904)		(1,276)		(2,650)		(3,827)
Total lease costs	$	8,938	$	7,132	$	24,044	$	21,133

Weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate for the Company’s operating leases are as follows:


	As of
	September 30,		December 31,
Lease Term and Discount Rate	2024		2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	6.29		7.04
Weighted-average discount rate	3.99	%	3.66	%

Other information related to the Company’s operating leases are as follows:


Other Information	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating cash flows used for operating leases	$	23,882	$	22,918
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	26,926	$	8,896

Schedule of Maturities of Operating Lease Liability

Maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


Maturity of Lease Liabilities	Operating
(in thousands)	Leases
Remainder of 2024	$	6,361
2025	32,553
2026	30,361
2027	23,945
2028	23,175
Thereafter	52,631
Total lease payments	$	169,026

Less: Interest	(19,622)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	149,404


Other accrued liabilities	$	25,465
Long-term operating lease liabilities	$	123,939

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Schedule of Dividends Declared Per Common Share and Total Amounts Declared, Distributed and Deferred (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Dividend declared per common share (in USD per share)	$ 1.60	$ 1.60	$ 1.60	$ 1.38	$ 1.38	$ 1.38	$ 4.80	$ 4.14
Cash dividends declared	$ 126,185	$ 127,304	$ 129,444	$ 109,847	$ 110,383	$ 111,986	$ 382,933	$ 332,216
Cash dividends distributed	125,763	126,958	131,378	109,408	110,147	112,189	384,099	331,744
Cash dividends (released)/deferred	$ 422	$ 346	$ (1,934)	$ 439	$ 236	$ (203)	$ (1,166)	$ 472

REVENUE RECOGNITION - Schedule of Disaggregation of Operating Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ 724,705	$ 625,439	$ 2,112,619	$ 1,838,814
Index
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	404,882	362,122	1,175,946	1,063,820
Analytics
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	172,376	154,268	502,337	451,219
ESG and Climate
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	83,643	73,038	241,382	211,315
All Other - Private Assets
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	63,804	36,011	192,954	112,460
Recurring subscriptions
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	536,622	464,997	1,571,146	1,365,936
Recurring subscriptions \| Index
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	223,945	206,453	653,929	603,845
Recurring subscriptions \| Analytics
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	168,150	151,269	490,829	443,276
Recurring subscriptions \| ESG and Climate
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	81,536	71,744	235,954	207,523
Recurring subscriptions \| All Other - Private Assets
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	62,991	35,531	190,434	111,292
Asset-based fees
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	168,622	141,066	482,162	412,354
Asset-based fees \| Index
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	168,622	141,066	482,162	412,354
Asset-based fees \| Analytics
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	0	0	0	0
Asset-based fees \| ESG and Climate
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	0	0	0	0
Asset-based fees \| All Other - Private Assets
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	0	0	0	0
Non-recurring
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	19,461	19,376	59,311	60,524
Non-recurring \| Index
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	12,315	14,603	39,855	47,621
Non-recurring \| Analytics
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	4,226	2,999	11,508	7,943
Non-recurring \| ESG and Climate
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	2,107	1,294	5,428	3,792
Non-recurring \| All Other - Private Assets
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ 813	$ 480	$ 2,520	$ 1,168

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References + Details

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

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+ Details

SEGMENT INFORMATION - Schedule of Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	$ 318,755	$ 289,126
Total Americas
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	249,820	215,823
United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	241,336	204,238
Other
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	8,484	11,585
Total EMEA
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	38,988	40,475
United Kingdom
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	18,033	18,403
Other
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	20,955	22,072
Total Asia & Australia
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	29,947	32,828
Japan
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	1,004	1,321
Other
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	$ 28,943	$ 31,507

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Schedule of Amortization Expense Related to Intangible Assets by Category (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 41,939	$ 26,722	$ 121,316	$ 77,543
Amortization expense of acquired intangible assets
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	26,066	15,748	77,226	47,430
Amortization expense of internally developed capitalized software
Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 15,873	$ 10,974	$ 44,090	$ 30,113

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References + Details

Cover Page - shares	9 Months Ended
Cover Page - shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Oct. 24, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-33812
Entity Registrant Name	MSCI INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	13-4038723
Entity Address, Address Line One	7 World Trade Center
Entity Address, Address Line Two	250 Greenwich Street, 49th Floor
Entity Address, City or Town	New York
Entity Address, State or Province	NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	10007
City Area Code	212
Local Phone Number	804-3900
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, par value $0.01 per share
Trading Symbol	MSCI
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		78,371,294
Entity Central Index Key	0001408198
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Amendment Flag	false

SEGMENT INFORMATION

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company has five operating segments: Index, Analytics, ESG and Climate, Real Assets and Private Capital Solutions, which are presented as the following four reportable segments: Index, Analytics, ESG and Climate and All Other – Private Assets. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company renamed the Burgiss operating segment to Private Capital Solutions. The operating segments of Real Assets and Private Capital Solutions do not individually meet the segment reporting thresholds and have been combined and presented as part of All Other – Private Assets reportable segment.

The Index operating segment offers equity and fixed income indexes. The indexes are used in many areas of the investment process, including for developing indexed financial products (e.g., Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”), mutual funds, annuities, futures, options, structured products and over-the-counter derivatives), performance benchmarking, portfolio construction and rebalancing, and asset allocation.

The Analytics operating segment offers risk management, performance attribution and portfolio management content, applications and services that provide clients with an integrated view of risk and return and tools for analyzing market, credit, liquidity, counterparty and climate risk across all major asset classes, spanning short-, medium- and long-term time horizons. Clients access Analytics tools and content through MSCI’s proprietary applications and application programming interfaces, third-party applications or directly through their own platforms. Additionally, the Analytics operating segment also provides various managed services to help clients operate more efficiently, including consolidation of client portfolio data from various sources, review and reconciliation of input data and results, and customized reporting.

The ESG and Climate operating segment offers products and services that help institutional investors understand how ESG and climate considerations can impact the long-term risk and return of their portfolio and individual security-level investments. In addition, the ESG and Climate operating segment provides data, ratings, research and tools to help investors navigate increasing regulation, meet new client demands and better integrate ESG and climate elements into their investment processes.

The Real Assets operating segment offers data, benchmarks, return-analytics, climate assessments and market insights for tangible assets such as real estate and infrastructure. In addition, Real Assets performance and risk analytics range from enterprise-wide to property-specific analysis. The Real Assets operating segment also provides business intelligence products to real estate owners, managers, developers and brokers worldwide.

Prior to the step acquisition of Burgiss on October 2, 2023, the Company’s ownership interest in Burgiss was classified as an equity-method investment. Therefore, prior to the acquisition of Burgiss, the All Other – Private Assets segment did not include the Company’s proportionate share of operating revenues and Adjusted EBITDA related to Burgiss. The Company’s proportionate share of the income or loss from its equity-method investment in Burgiss was not a component of Adjusted EBITDA as it was reported as a component of other (expense) income, net. Following the acquisition, the consolidated results of Burgiss were included in the Company’s Private Capital Solutions operating segment.

The Private Capital Solutions operating segment offers a suite of tools to help private asset investors across mission-critical workflows, such as sourcing terms and conditions, evaluating operating performance of underlying portfolio companies, managing risk and other activities supporting private capital investing.

The Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) measures and evaluates reportable segments based on segment operating revenues as well as Adjusted EBITDA and other measures. The Company excludes the following items from segment Adjusted EBITDA: provision for income taxes, other expense (income), net, depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements, amortization of intangible assets and, at times, certain other transactions or adjustments, including certain acquisition-related integration and transaction costs, that the CODM does not consider for the purposes of making decisions to allocate resources among segments or to assess segment performance. Although these amounts are excluded from segment Adjusted EBITDA, they are included in reported consolidated net income and are included in the reconciliation that follows.

The following table presents operating revenues by reportable segment for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating revenues
Index	$	404,882	$	362,122	$	1,175,946	$	1,063,820
Analytics	172,376		154,268		502,337		451,219
ESG and Climate	83,643		73,038		241,382		211,315
All Other - Private Assets	63,804		36,011		192,954		112,460
Total	$	724,705	$	625,439	$	2,112,619	$	1,838,814

The following table presents segment profitability and a reconciliation to net income for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Index Adjusted EBITDA	$	314,148	$	277,672	$	898,898	$	808,424
Analytics Adjusted EBITDA	90,287		71,781		244,171		197,710
ESG and Climate Adjusted EBITDA	29,989		25,440		75,010		66,114
All Other - Private Assets Adjusted EBITDA	16,278		11,396		46,151		36,076
Total reportable segment profitability	450,702		386,289		1,264,230		1,108,324

Amortization of intangible assets	41,939		26,722		121,316		77,543
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	4,332		5,252		12,639		15,911
Acquisition-related integration and transaction costs(1)	3,097		1,006		6,951		1,006
Operating income	401,334		353,309		1,123,324		1,013,864

Other expense (income), net	44,398		35,653		130,501		112,678
Provision for income taxes	76,035		57,997		189,210		155,974
Net income	$	280,901	$	259,659	$	803,613	$	745,212

___________________________


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating revenues
Americas:
United States	$	297,577	$	246,089	$	868,695	$	740,939
Other	32,631		28,243		95,976		83,353
Total Americas	330,208		274,332		964,671		824,292


Europe, the Middle East and Africa ("EMEA"):
United Kingdom	122,384		105,036		351,922		296,388
Other	157,739		142,826		466,701		420,996
Total EMEA	280,123		247,862		818,623		717,384


Asia & Australia:
Japan	28,833		24,956		84,377		75,258
Other	85,541		78,289		244,948		221,880
Total Asia & Australia	114,374		103,245		329,325		297,138


Total	$	724,705	$	625,439	$	2,112,619	$	1,838,814


	As of
	September 30,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Long-lived assets
Americas:
United States	$	241,336	$	204,238
Other	8,484		11,585
Total Americas	249,820		215,823


EMEA:
United Kingdom	18,033		18,403
Other	20,955		22,072
Total EMEA	38,988		40,475


Asia & Australia:
Japan	1,004		1,321
Other	28,943		31,507
Total Asia & Australia	29,947		32,828


Total	$	318,755	$	289,126

- Definition

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

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+ Details

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details) - USD ($)	Oct. 28, 2024	Oct. 29, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jul. 28, 2022
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Dividend declared per common share (in USD per share)				$ 1.60	$ 1.60	$ 1.60	$ 1.38	$ 1.38	$ 1.38	$ 4.80	$ 4.14
Revolving Credit Facility \| Variable rate revolving loan commitments \| Line of Credit
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Payment on credit facility			$ 25,000,000.0
2022 Repurchase Program
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Repurchase program authorizing the purchase of shares												$ 1,000,000,000
Stock repurchase program, remaining authorized repurchase amount			$ 405,400,000	$ 405,400,000						$ 405,400,000		$ 1,539,100,000
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Dividend declared per common share (in USD per share)	$ 1.60
Subsequent Event \| Revolving Credit Facility \| Variable rate revolving loan commitments \| Line of Credit
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Payment on credit facility		$ 125,000,000.0
Subsequent Event \| 2024 Repurchase Program
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Repurchase program authorizing the purchase of shares	$ 1,500,000,000

DEBT

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

DEBT


		Principal Amount Outstanding at		Carrying Value at		Carrying Value at		Fair Value at		Fair Value at
(in thousands)	Maturity Date	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Debt
4.000% senior unsecured notes due 2029	November 15, 2029	$	1,000,000	$	994,455	$	993,637	$	969,260	$	941,090
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2030	September 1, 2030	900,000		896,083		895,587		845,694		815,526
3.875% senior unsecured notes due 2031	February 15, 2031	1,000,000		992,981		992,161		946,870		914,360
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2031	November 1, 2031	600,000		595,345		594,852		552,696		529,458
3.250% senior unsecured notes due 2033	August 15, 2033	700,000		694,033		693,532		616,938		586,509
Variable rate Tranche A Term Loans due 2027	February 16, 2027	—		—		337,959		—		337,367
Variable rate revolving loan commitments(1)	January 26, 2029	311,875		311,875		—		310,316		—
Total debt		$	4,511,875	$	4,484,772	$	4,507,728	$	4,241,774	$	4,124,310

___________________________

Maturities of the Company’s principal debt payments as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


Maturity of Principal Debt Payments (in thousands)	Amounts
Remainder of 2024	$	—
2025	—
2026	—
2027	—
2028	—
Thereafter	4,511,875
Total debt	$	4,511,875

Interest payments attributable to the Company’s outstanding indebtedness are due as presented in the following table:

Interest payment frequency

First interest
payment date

Senior Notes and Revolving Loan Commitments

4.000% senior unsecured notes due 2029

Semi-Annual

May 15

3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2030

Semi-Annual

March 1

3.875% senior unsecured notes due 2031

Semi-Annual

June 1

3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2031

Semi-Annual

May 1

3.250% senior unsecured notes due 2033

Semi-Annual

February 15

Variable rate revolving loan commitments(1)

Variable

February 26

___________________________

(1)The first payment occurred on February 26, 2024.

The fair market value of the Company’s debt obligations represent Level 2 valuations. The Company utilized the market approach and obtained security pricing from a vendor who used broker quotes and third-party pricing services to determine fair values.

Credit Agreement. Since November 20, 2014, the Company has maintained a revolving credit agreement with a syndicate of banks. On January 26, 2024, the Company entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), amending and restating in its entirety the Company’s prior Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Prior Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement makes available to the Company an aggregate of $1,250.0 million of revolving loan commitments under a revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), which may be drawn until January 26, 2029. At the closing of the Credit Agreement, the Company drew $336.9 million on the Revolving Credit Facility and primarily used the proceeds to prepay all senior unsecured Tranche A Term Loans (the “Tranche A Term Loans”) under the term loan A facility (the “TLA Facility”) under the Prior Credit Agreement. The obligations under the Credit Agreement are general unsecured obligations of the Company. The prepayment of the Tranche A Term Loans and the entry into the Credit Agreement resulted in an approximately $1.5 million loss on extinguishment related to unamortized debt issuance costs during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The loss on extinguishment was recorded in “Other expense (income)” on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income.

In September 2024, the Company repaid $25.0 million of the outstanding balance of the revolving loans under the Revolving Credit Facility, such that $311.9 million of the revolving loans were outstanding at September 30, 2024.

Interest on the revolving loans under the Credit Agreement accrues, at a variable rate, based on the secured overnight funding rate (“SOFR”) or the alternate base rate (“Base Rate”), plus, in each case, an applicable margin to be determined based on the credit ratings of the Company’s senior, unsecured long-term debt and will be due on each Interest Payment Date (as defined in the Credit Agreement). So long as the credit rating for the Company’s senior, unsecured long-term debt is set at BBB-/BBB- by each of S&P and Fitch, respectively, the applicable margin is 0.50% for Base Rate loans, and 1.50% for SOFR loans. At September 30, 2024, the interest rate on the revolving loans under the Revolving Credit Facility was 6.45%.

Interest on the Tranche A Term Loans under the TLA Facility accrued, at a variable rate, based on the secured overnight funding rate (“SOFR”) or the alternate base rate (“Base Rate”), plus, in each case, an applicable margin and was due on each Interest Payment Date (as defined in the Prior Credit Agreement). The applicable margin was calculated by reference to the Company’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and ranged between 1.50% to 2.00% for SOFR loans, and 0.50% to 1.00% for Base Rate loans.

In connection with the closings of the Senior Notes offerings, entry into the Prior Credit Agreement and the subsequent amendments thereto and entry into the Credit Agreement, the Company paid certain financing fees which, together with the existing fees related to prior credit facilities, are being amortized over their related lives. At September 30, 2024, $31.4 million of the deferred financing fees and premium remain unamortized, $1.0 million of which is included in “Prepaid and other assets,” $3.3 million of which is included in “Other non-current assets” and $27.1 million of which is included in “Long-term debt” on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C

Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
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-Subparagraph (c)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C

Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

+ Details

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Sep. 30, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

DEBT - Schedule of Interest Payments Due Attributable to Outstanding Indebtedness (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
4.000% senior unsecured notes due 2029 \| Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate (as percent)	4.00%
Interest payment frequency	Semi-Annual
First interest payment date	--05-15
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2030 \| Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate (as percent)	3.625%
Interest payment frequency	Semi-Annual
First interest payment date	--03-01
3.875% senior unsecured notes due 2031 \| Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate (as percent)	3.875%
Interest payment frequency	Semi-Annual
First interest payment date	--06-01
3.625% senior unsecured notes due 2031 \| Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate (as percent)	3.625%
Interest payment frequency	Semi-Annual
First interest payment date	--05-01
3.250% senior unsecured notes due 2033 \| Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument interest rate (as percent)	3.25%
Interest payment frequency	Semi-Annual
First interest payment date	--02-15
Variable rate revolving loan commitments \| Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest payment frequency	Variable
First interest payment date	--02-26

SEGMENT INFORMATION - Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended
SEGMENT INFORMATION - Narrative (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	5
Number of reportable segments	4

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Dividend declared per common share (in USD per share)	$ 1.60	$ 1.60	$ 1.60	$ 1.38	$ 1.38	$ 1.38	$ 4.80	$ 4.14

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Narrative (Details)	Jul. 01, 2024 USD ($)
Index
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill, Impairment Loss	$ 0
Analytics
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill, Impairment Loss	0
ESG and Climate
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill, Impairment Loss	0
All Other - Private Assets
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill, Impairment Loss	$ 0

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 24
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482548/350-20-55-24

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 350
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-2

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 350
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1A

+ Details

LEASES - Lease, Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
LEASES - Lease, Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expenses	$ 9,339	$ 7,278	$ 24,133	$ 21,570
Variable lease costs	275	1,022	1,894	2,843
Short-term lease costs	228	108	667	547
Sublease income	(904)	(1,276)	(2,650)	(3,827)
Total lease costs	$ 8,938	$ 7,132	$ 24,044	$ 21,133

ACQUISITIONS - Schedule of Changes in the Company’s Level 3 Financial Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 27,746	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Additions of contingent consideration	0	0	27,240	0
Change in fair value	448	0	954	0
Payments	0	0	0	0
Ending Balance	$ 28,194	$ 0	$ 28,194	$ 0

INTRODUCTION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION - Schedule of Changes in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounts receivable, net of allowances
Balance at beginning of year	$ 3,968	$ 2,652
Addition to credit loss expense	2,377	2,196
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(1,982)	(880)
Balance at ending of year	$ 4,363	$ 3,968

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Company's Common Stock Repurchases Made on Open Market

The following table provides information with respect to repurchases of the Company’s common stock made on the open market:


Nine months ended (in thousands, except per share data)	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Repurchased	Dollar Value of Shares Repurchased(1)
September 30, 2024	$	500.52	880	$	440,265
September 30, 2023	$	468.26	980	$	458,721

___________________________

Schedule of Dividends Declared Per Common Share and Total Amounts Declared, Distributed and Deferred

The following table presents dividends declared per common share as well as total amounts declared, distributed and deferred for the periods indicated:


	Dividends
(in thousands, except per share data)	Per Share		Declared		Distributed		(Released)/Deferred
2024
Three Months Ended March 31,	$	1.60	$	129,444	$	131,378	$	(1,934)
Three Months Ended June 30,	1.60		127,304		126,958		346
Three Months Ended September 30,	1.60		126,185		125,763		422

Total	$	4.80	$	382,933	$	384,099	$	(1,166)

2023
Three Months Ended March 31,	$	1.38	$	111,986	$	112,189	$	(203)
Three Months Ended June 30,	1.38		110,383		110,147		236
Three Months Ended September 30,	1.38		109,847		109,408		439

Total	$	4.14	$	332,216	$	331,744	$	472

Schedule of Activity Related to Shares of Common Stock Issued and Repurchased

The following table presents activity related to shares of common stock issued and repurchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2024:


	Common Stock	Treasury	Common Stock
	Issued	Stock	Outstanding
Balance at December 31, 2023	133,817,332	(54,726,120)	79,091,212
Dividend payable/paid	61	—	61
Common stock issued	252,637	—	252,637
Shares withheld for tax withholding	—	(119,861)	(119,861)
Shares repurchased under stock repurchase programs	—	—	—
Shares issued to directors	67	(67)	—
Balance at March 31, 2024	134,070,097	(54,846,048)	79,224,049

Dividend payable/paid	—	—	—
Common stock issued	779	—	779
Shares withheld for tax withholding	—	(359)	(359)
Shares repurchased under stock repurchase programs	—	(499,224)	(499,224)
Shares issued to directors	4,941	19,499	24,440
Balance at June 30, 2024	134,075,817	(55,326,132)	78,749,685

Dividend payable/paid	—	—	—
Common stock issued	3,301	—	3,301
Shares withheld for tax withholding	—	(1,387)	(1,387)
Shares repurchased under stock repurchase programs	—	(380,397)	(380,397)
Shares issued to directors	13	(13)	—
Balance at September 30, 2024	134,079,131	(55,707,929)	78,371,202

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (includes restricted cash of $3,909 and $3,878 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	$ 500,979	$ 461,693
Accounts receivable (net of allowances of $4,363 and $3,968 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	643,807	839,555
Prepaid income taxes	77,493	59,002
Prepaid and other assets	63,517	57,903
Total current assets	1,285,796	1,418,153
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	62,317	55,920
Right of use assets	121,726	115,243
Goodwill	2,916,102	2,887,692
Intangible assets, net	931,428	956,234
Deferred tax assets	41,761	41,074
Other non-current assets	49,819	43,903
Total assets	5,408,949	5,518,219
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	8,748	9,812
Income taxes payable	38,744	24,709
Accrued compensation and related benefits	179,041	219,456
Current portion of long-term debt	0	10,902
Other accrued liabilities	208,542	168,282
Deferred revenue	942,840	1,083,864
Total current liabilities	1,377,915	1,517,025
Long-term debt	4,484,773	4,496,826
Long-term operating lease liabilities	123,939	120,134
Deferred tax liabilities	61,281	27,028
Other non-current liabilities	112,039	96,970
Total liabilities	6,159,947	6,257,983
Commitments and Contingencies (see Note 8)
Shareholders’ equity (deficit):
Preferred stock (par value $0.01; 100,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued)	0	0
Common stock (par value $0.01; 750,000,000 common shares authorized; 134,079,131 and 133,817,332 common shares issued and 78,371,202 and 79,091,212 common shares outstanding at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	1,341	1,338
Treasury shares, at cost (55,707,929 and 54,726,120 common shares held at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively)	(6,960,512)	(6,447,101)
Additional paid in capital	1,660,793	1,587,670
Retained earnings	4,600,360	4,179,681
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(52,980)	(61,352)
Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)	(750,998)	(739,764)
Liabilities and Equity, Total	$ 5,408,949	$ 5,518,219

ACQUISITIONS - Schedule of Components of Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Oct. 02, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Intangible assets:
Goodwill		$ 2,916,102	$ 2,887,692
Burgiss Group Limited Liability Company
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 5,397
Accounts receivable	25,839
Prepaid Income Taxes	72
Other current assets	4,201
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	670
Right of use assets	3,443
Other non-current assets	487
Deferred revenue	(21,479)
Other current liabilities	(13,705)
Long-term operating lease liabilities	(2,525)
Intangible assets:
Goodwill	617,834
Net assets acquired	$ 1,049,934
Estimated Useful Life	14 years 9 months 18 days
Burgiss Group Limited Liability Company \| Proprietary data
Intangible assets:
Intangible assets	$ 229,900
Estimated Useful Life	11 years
Burgiss Group Limited Liability Company \| Customer relationships
Intangible assets:
Intangible assets	$ 179,900
Estimated Useful Life	21 years
Burgiss Group Limited Liability Company \| Acquired technology and software
Intangible assets:
Intangible assets	$ 19,000
Estimated Useful Life	3 years
Burgiss Group Limited Liability Company \| Trademarks
Intangible assets:
Intangible assets	$ 900
Estimated Useful Life	1 year

REVENUE RECOGNITION - Schedule of Change in Accounts Receivable and Current Deferred Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Accounts receivable, net of allowances
Opening	$ 839,555	$ 663,236
Closing	643,807	603,266
Increase/(decrease)	(195,748)	(59,970)
Deferred revenue
Opening	1,083,864	882,886
Closing	942,840	837,479
Increase/(decrease)	$ (141,024)	$ (45,407)

SEGMENT INFORMATION - Schedule of Operating Revenues by Reportable Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ 724,705	$ 625,439	$ 2,112,619	$ 1,838,814
Index
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Operating revenues	404,882	362,122	1,175,946	1,063,820
Analytics
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Operating revenues	172,376	154,268	502,337	451,219
ESG and Climate
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Operating revenues	83,643	73,038	241,382	211,315
All Other - Private Assets
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ 63,804	$ 36,011	$ 192,954	$ 112,460

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS, NET - Schedule of Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Computer & related equipment	$ 167,939	$ 192,008
Furniture & fixtures	15,980	16,169
Leasehold improvements	56,412	58,582
Work-in-process	1,646	897
Subtotal	241,977	267,656
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(179,660)	(211,736)
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	$ 62,317	$ 55,920

ACQUISITIONS

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]

ACQUISITIONS

On October 2, 2023, the Company acquired the remaining 66.4% interest in The Burgiss Group, LLC (“Burgiss”) for $696.8 million in cash (the “step acquisition”). The Company’s existing 33.6% interest in Burgiss had a fair value at acquisition date of $353.2 million which resulted in a non-taxable gain of $143.0 million which the Company recognized during the three months ended December 31, 2023. The acquisition of Burgiss provides the Company with comprehensive data and deep expertise in private assets, enabling investors to evaluate fundamental information, measure and compare performance, understand exposures, manage risk, and conduct robust analytics.

The step acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting and its results are reported within the Private Capital Solutions operating segment within the All Other – Private Assets reportable segment. With the step acquisition, the Company renamed the Burgiss operating segment to Private Capital Solutions. Prior to the step acquisition, Burgiss was accounted for as an equity-method investment. Therefore, MSCI did not recognize the proportionate share of Burgiss’ operating revenues, rather, the Company’s proportionate share of the income or loss of Burgiss was reported as a component of other (expense) income, net. A portion of Burgiss’s client agreements do not have automatic renewal clauses at the end of the subscription period. Due to the historically high retention rate, the expectation that a substantial portion of the client agreements will be renewed and the nature of the subscription service, the associated revenue is recorded as recurring subscription revenue.


(in thousands)	Estimated Useful Life	Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents		$	5,397
Accounts receivable		25,839
Prepaid Income Taxes		72
Other current assets		4,201
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net		670
Right of use assets		3,443
Other non-current assets		487
Deferred revenue		(21,479)
Other current liabilities		(13,705)
Long-term operating lease liabilities		(2,525)


Intangible assets:
Proprietary data	11 years	229,900
Customer relationships	21 years	179,900
Acquired technology and software	3 years	19,000
Trademarks	1 year	900
Goodwill		617,834
Net assets acquired		$	1,049,934

The Company, with the assistance of third-party valuation experts, calculated the fair values of intangible assets using the relief from royalty method for proprietary data, acquired technology and software and trademarks and the multi-period excess earnings method for customer relationships. The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the acquired intangible assets included forecasted cash flows, which were determined based on certain assumptions that included, among others, projected future revenues, and expected market royalty rates, technology obsolescence rates and discount rates. The weighted average amortization period of the acquired intangible assets was 14.8 years.

The recorded goodwill is primarily attributable to the expected synergies from the utilization of the acquired data as well as expanded market opportunities. Goodwill attributable to the acquisition is deductible for federal income tax purposes to the extent of consideration paid.

Revenue of Burgiss recognized within the consolidated financial statements was $27.0 million and $78.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

On November 1, 2023, MSCI completed the acquisition of Trove Research Ltd (“Trove”), a carbon markets intelligence provider. Trove is a part of the ESG and Climate operating segment.

On January 2, 2024, MSCI completed the acquisition of Fabric RQ, Inc. (“Fabric”), a wealth technology platform specializing in portfolio design, customization and analytics for wealth managers and advisors. Fabric is a part of the Analytics operating segment. The contingent consideration related to Fabric is payable based upon the future product sales of the acquired business.

On April 16, 2024, MSCI completed the acquisition of Foxberry Ltd. (“Foxberry”), a front-office index technology platform. Foxberry is a part of the Index operating segment. The contingent consideration related to Foxberry is payable based upon the achievement of integration metrics related to the operation of the platform.

The Company recognizes the fair value of contingent consideration at the date of acquisition. The liability associated with any contingent consideration is remeasured to fair value at each reporting date subsequent to the acquisition and changes in the fair value are recorded in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following table presents the preliminary acquired balances related to the acquisitions of Trove, Fabric and Foxberry:


(in thousands, except weighted average amortization period of intangible asset)	Trove		Fabric		Foxberry
Acquisition Date	November 1, 2023		January 2, 2024		April 16, 2024

Cash payments	$	37,465	$	7,959	$	20,945
Deferred payments	—		—		2,529
Contingent consideration liability	—		8,146		19,094
Aggregate purchase price	$	37,465	$	16,105	$	42,568


Net tangible assets acquired (liabilities assumed)	$	(4,787)	$	(226)	$	1,748
Intangible assets	7,705		11,300		22,500
Goodwill	34,547		5,031		18,320
Aggregate purchase price	$	37,465	$	16,105	$	42,568


Weighted average amortization period of intangible assets (years)	13.0		9.1		7.9

The fair values of the contingent consideration were determined based on management estimates and assumptions which primarily include forecasted product sales, probability of achievement of certain integration targets and discount rates. The Company classifies these liabilities as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy, as the measurement is based on inputs that are not observable in the market. As of September 30, 2024, the fair value of the contingent consideration was $28.2 million, of which $9.3 million is included in “Other accrued liabilities” and $18.9 million is included in “Other non-current liabilities” on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.

Changes in the Company’s Level 3 financial liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Beginning balance	$	27,746	$	—	$	—	$	—
Additions of contingent consideration1	—		—		27,240		—
Change in fair value	448		—		954		—
Payments	—		—		—		—
Ending Balance	$	28,194	$	—	$	28,194	$	—

___________________________

(1)Reflects balance of contingent consideration at acquisition date fair value.

The recorded goodwill for Trove is primarily attributable to expected synergies from the utilization of the acquired data as well as expanded market opportunities. The recorded goodwill amounts for Fabric and Foxberry are primarily attributable to expected synergies from the utilization of the acquired technology platforms. Goodwill attributable to the acquisitions of Fabric, Trove and Foxberry are not deductible for federal income tax purposes.

Revenue of Trove, Fabric and Foxberry recognized within the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income was $1.1 million, $189 thousand and $207 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Revenue of Trove, Fabric and Foxberry recognized within the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income was $3.5 million, $526 thousand and $385 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET - Schedule of Estimated Amortization Expense for Remainder Succeeding Years (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Remainder of 2024	$ 43,292
2025	151,514
2026	115,881
2027	83,803
2028	70,413
Thereafter	466,525
Net intangible assets:	$ 931,428	$ 956,234

LEASES - Schedule of Maturities of Operating Lease Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Maturity of Lease Liabilities
Remainder of 2024	$ 6,361
2025	32,553
2026	30,361
2027	23,945
2028	23,175
Thereafter	52,631
Total lease payments	169,026
Less: Interest	(19,622)
Present value of lease liabilities	149,404
Other accrued liabilities	25,465
Long-term operating lease liabilities	$ 123,939	$ 120,134

REVENUE RECOGNITION (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Disaggregation of Operating Revenue

The tables that follow present the disaggregated operating revenues for the periods indicated:


	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Segments
(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Operating Revenue Types
Recurring subscriptions	$	223,945	$	168,150	$	81,536	$	62,991	$	536,622
Asset-based fees	168,622		—		—		—		168,622
Non-recurring	12,315		4,226		2,107		813		19,461
Total	$	404,882	$	172,376	$	83,643	$	63,804	$	724,705


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Segments
(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Operating Revenue Types
Recurring subscriptions	$	653,929	$	490,829	$	235,954	$	190,434	$	1,571,146
Asset-based fees	482,162		—		—		—		482,162
Non-recurring	39,855		11,508		5,428		2,520		59,311
Total	$	1,175,946	$	502,337	$	241,382	$	192,954	$	2,112,619


	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Segments
(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Operating Revenue Types
Recurring subscriptions	$	206,453	$	151,269	$	71,744	$	35,531	$	464,997
Asset-based fees	141,066		—		—		—		141,066
Non-recurring	14,603		2,999		1,294		480		19,376
Total	$	362,122	$	154,268	$	73,038	$	36,011	$	625,439


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Segments
(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Operating Revenue Types
Recurring subscriptions	$	603,845	$	443,276	$	207,523	$	111,292	$	1,365,936
Asset-based fees	412,354		—		—		—		412,354
Non-recurring	47,621		7,943		3,792		1,168		60,524
Total	$	1,063,820	$	451,219	$	211,315	$	112,460	$	1,838,814

Schedule of Change in Accounts Receivable and Current Deferred Revenue

The tables that follow present the change in accounts receivable, net of allowances, and current deferred revenue between the dates indicated:


(in thousands)	Accounts receivable, net of allowances		Deferred revenue
Opening (December 31, 2023)	$	839,555	$	1,083,864
Closing (September 30, 2024)	643,807		942,840
Increase/(decrease)	$	(195,748)	$	(141,024)


(in thousands)	Accounts receivable, net of allowances		Deferred revenue
Opening (December 31, 2022)	$	663,236	$	882,886
Closing (September 30, 2023)	603,266		837,479
Increase/(decrease)	$	(59,970)	$	(45,407)

Schedule of Remaining Performance Obligations

The remaining performance obligations for contracts that have a duration of greater than one year and the periods in which they are expected to be recognized are as follows:


	As of
	September 30,
(in thousands)	2024
First 12-month period	$	912,103
Second 12-month period	567,796
Third 12-month period	258,819
Periods thereafter	172,423
Total	$	1,911,141

REVENUE RECOGNITION - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Revenue recognized during period included in deferred revenue	$ 209.9	$ 171.8	$ 915.5	$ 798.0
Disclosure of remaining performance policy			For contracts that have a duration of one year or less, the Company has not disclosed either the remaining performance obligation as of the end of the reporting period or when the Company expects to recognize the revenue.
Other Non-Current Liabilities
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Long-term deferred revenue	$ 28.8		$ 28.8		$ 28.8

REVENUE RECOGNITION - Schedule of Remaining Performance Obligations (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 1,911,141
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date: 2024-10-01
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 912,103
Remaining performance, expected timing of satisfaction	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date: 2025-10-01
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 567,796
Remaining performance, expected timing of satisfaction	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date: 2026-10-01
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 258,819
Remaining performance, expected timing of satisfaction	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date: 2027-10-01
Revenue Recognition [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 172,423
Remaining performance, expected timing of satisfaction

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$ 803,613	$ 745,212
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of intangible assets	121,316	77,543
Stock-based compensation expense	72,235	55,375
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	12,639	15,911
Amortization of right of use assets	19,582	17,484
Amortization of debt origination fees	3,856	3,791
Loss on extinguishment of debt	1,510	0
Deferred taxes	32,085	(30,973)
Other adjustments	7,915	1,199
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	194,233	58,132
Prepaid income taxes	(17,882)	(17,654)
Prepaid and other assets	(6,179)	1,687
Other non-current assets	(579)	(4,837)
Accounts payable	(1,163)	(5,719)
Income taxes payable	14,063	11,425
Accrued compensation and related benefits	(38,461)	(25,599)
Other accrued liabilities	20,664	15,118
Deferred revenue	(146,357)	(43,571)
Long-term operating lease liabilities	(19,294)	(16,027)
Other non-current liabilities	(2,681)	(11,195)
Other	(121)	(226)
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,070,994	847,076
Cash flows from investing activities
Capitalized software development costs	(59,648)	(50,080)
Capital expenditures	(19,515)	(18,942)
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(27,467)	0
Other	(892)	(389)
Net cash used in investing activities	(107,522)	(69,411)
Cash flows from financing activities
Repurchase of common stock held in treasury	(511,218)	(504,161)
Payment of dividends	(383,980)	(331,640)
Repayment of borrowings	(364,063)	(6,563)
Proceeds from borrowings	336,875	0
Payment of debt issuance costs	(3,739)	0
Net cash used in financing activities	(926,125)	(842,364)
Effect of exchange rate changes	1,939	(313)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	39,286	(65,012)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	461,693	993,564
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	500,979	928,552
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	124,963	125,068
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds received	161,423	197,746
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements in other accrued liabilities	3,153	4,734
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities
Cash dividends declared, but not yet paid	$ 1,173	$ 1,453

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - Schedule of Company's Common Stock Repurchases Made on Open Market (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Dollar Value of Shares Repurchased	$ 200,724	$ 243,035	$ 18,039	$ 444,655
Excise tax percentage					1.00%
Open Market Purchases of Common Stock
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Average Price Paid Per Share (in USD per Share)					$ 500.52	$ 468.26
Total Number of Shares Repurchased (in shares)					880	980
Dollar Value of Shares Repurchased					$ 440,265	$ 458,721

SEGMENT INFORMATION - Schedule of Operating Revenues by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ 724,705	$ 625,439	$ 2,112,619	$ 1,838,814
Total Americas
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	330,208	274,332	964,671	824,292
United States
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	297,577	246,089	868,695	740,939
Other
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	32,631	28,243	95,976	83,353
Total EMEA
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	280,123	247,862	818,623	717,384
United Kingdom
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	122,384	105,036	351,922	296,388
Other
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	157,739	142,826	466,701	420,996
Total Asia & Australia
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	114,374	103,245	329,325	297,138
Japan
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	28,833	24,956	84,377	75,258
Other
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Operating revenues	$ 85,541	$ 78,289	$ 244,948	$ 221,880

INTRODUCTION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Changes in Allowance for Credit Losses

Changes in the allowance for credit losses from December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2024 were as follows:


(in thousands)	Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	2,652
Addition to credit loss expense	2,196
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(880)
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	3,968

Addition to credit loss expense	2,377
Write-offs, net of recoveries	(1,982)
Balance as of September 30, 2024	$	4,363

INCOME TAXES	9 Months Ended
INCOME TAXES	Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
INCOME TAXES	INCOME TAXES The Company’s provision for income taxes was $189.2 million and $156.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective tax rate of 19.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 reflects the Company’s estimate of the effective tax rate for the period and was impacted by certain favorable discrete items totaling $12.4 million, primarily related to $15.9 million of excess tax benefits recognized on share-based compensation vested during the period, partially offset by $3.5 million related to prior-year items. The effective tax rate of 17.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 reflects the Company’s estimate of the effective tax rate for the period and was impacted by certain favorable discrete items totaling $19.8 million, primarily related to $11.4 million of excess tax benefits recognized on share-based compensation vested during the period and $8.4 million related to prior-year items. The Company is under or open to examination by the IRS and other tax authorities in certain jurisdictions, including foreign jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom, Switzerland and India, and states in the United States in which the Company has significant operations, such as New York and California. The tax years currently under or open to examination vary by jurisdiction but include years from 2008 onwards. The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of additional assessments in each of the taxing jurisdictions in which it files income tax returns. The Company has established unrecognized tax benefits that the Company believes are adequate in relation to the potential for additional assessments. Once established, the Company adjusts unrecognized tax benefits only when more information is available or when an event occurs necessitating a change. Based on the current status of income tax audits, the Company believes it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized benefits may decrease by approximately $22.1 million in the next twelve months as a result of the resolution of prior-year items. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits increased by $0.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income tax.

+ References

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+ Details

PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS, NET (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Net

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:


	As of
	September 30,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Computer & related equipment	$	167,939	$	192,008
Furniture & fixtures	15,980		16,169
Leasehold improvements	56,412		58,582
Work-in-process	1,646		897
Subtotal	241,977		267,656

Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(179,660)		(211,736)
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	$	62,317	$	55,920

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 280,901	$ 259,659	$ 803,613	$ 745,212
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	12,899	(5,832)	9,102	1,046
Income tax effect	(1,039)	771	(827)	(660)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net	11,860	(5,061)	8,275	386
Pension and other post-retirement adjustments	(28)	756	78	(1,338)
Income tax effect	23	(72)	19	141
Pension and other post-retirement adjustments, net	(5)	684	97	(1,197)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	11,855	(4,377)	8,372	(811)
Comprehensive income	$ 292,756	$ 255,282	$ 811,985	$ 744,401

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS	9 Months Ended
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS	Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS	RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” or ASU 2023-07. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 aim to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and subsequent interim periods, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2023-07 will expand our disclosures, and we do not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-07 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” or ASU 2023-09. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 aim to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on disclosures within its consolidated financial statements.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for change in accounting principle. Includes, but is not limited to, nature, reason, and method of adopting amendment to accounting standards or other change in accounting principle.

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+ Details

LEASES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

LEASES

The components of lease expense (income) of the Company’s operating leases are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating lease expenses	$	9,339	$	7,278	$	24,133	$	21,570
Variable lease costs	275		1,022		1,894		2,843
Short-term lease costs	228		108		667		547
Sublease income	(904)		(1,276)		(2,650)		(3,827)
Total lease costs	$	8,938	$	7,132	$	24,044	$	21,133

Maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2024 are as follows:


Maturity of Lease Liabilities	Operating
(in thousands)	Leases
Remainder of 2024	$	6,361
2025	32,553
2026	30,361
2027	23,945
2028	23,175
Thereafter	52,631
Total lease payments	$	169,026

Less: Interest	(19,622)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	149,404


Other accrued liabilities	$	25,465
Long-term operating lease liabilities	$	123,939

Weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate for the Company’s operating leases are as follows:


	As of
	September 30,		December 31,
Lease Term and Discount Rate	2024		2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	6.29		7.04
Weighted-average discount rate	3.99	%	3.66	%

Other information related to the Company’s operating leases are as follows:


Other Information	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2024		2023
Operating cash flows used for operating leases	$	23,882	$	22,918
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	26,926	$	8,896

REVENUE RECOGNITION

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

REVENUE RECOGNITION

MSCI’s operating revenues are reported by product type and each product type may have different timing for recognizing revenue. The Company’s operating revenue types are recurring subscriptions, asset-based fees and non-recurring revenues. The Company also disaggregates operating revenues by segment.

The tables that follow present the disaggregated operating revenues for the periods indicated:


	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Segments
(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Operating Revenue Types
Recurring subscriptions	$	223,945	$	168,150	$	81,536	$	62,991	$	536,622
Asset-based fees	168,622		—		—		—		168,622
Non-recurring	12,315		4,226		2,107		813		19,461
Total	$	404,882	$	172,376	$	83,643	$	63,804	$	724,705


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Segments
(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Operating Revenue Types
Recurring subscriptions	$	653,929	$	490,829	$	235,954	$	190,434	$	1,571,146
Asset-based fees	482,162		—		—		—		482,162
Non-recurring	39,855		11,508		5,428		2,520		59,311
Total	$	1,175,946	$	502,337	$	241,382	$	192,954	$	2,112,619


	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Segments
(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Operating Revenue Types
Recurring subscriptions	$	206,453	$	151,269	$	71,744	$	35,531	$	464,997
Asset-based fees	141,066		—		—		—		141,066
Non-recurring	14,603		2,999		1,294		480		19,376
Total	$	362,122	$	154,268	$	73,038	$	36,011	$	625,439


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Segments
(in thousands)	Index		Analytics		ESG and Climate		All Other - Private Assets		Total
Operating Revenue Types
Recurring subscriptions	$	603,845	$	443,276	$	207,523	$	111,292	$	1,365,936
Asset-based fees	412,354		—		—		—		412,354
Non-recurring	47,621		7,943		3,792		1,168		60,524
Total	$	1,063,820	$	451,219	$	211,315	$	112,460	$	1,838,814

The tables that follow present the change in accounts receivable, net of allowances, and current deferred revenue between the dates indicated:


(in thousands)	Accounts receivable, net of allowances		Deferred revenue
Opening (December 31, 2023)	$	839,555	$	1,083,864
Closing (September 30, 2024)	643,807		942,840
Increase/(decrease)	$	(195,748)	$	(141,024)


(in thousands)	Accounts receivable, net of allowances		Deferred revenue
Opening (December 31, 2022)	$	663,236	$	882,886
Closing (September 30, 2023)	603,266		837,479
Increase/(decrease)	$	(59,970)	$	(45,407)

The amounts of revenues recognized in the periods that were included in the opening current deferred revenue, which reflects contract liability amounts, were $209.9 million and $915.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $171.8 million and $798.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The difference between the opening and closing balances of the Company’s deferred revenue was primarily driven by an increase in the amortization of deferred revenue to operating revenues, partially offset by an increase in billings. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company carried a long-term deferred revenue balance of $28.8 million and $28.8 million, respectively, in “Other non-current liabilities” on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.

For contracts that have a duration of one year or less, the Company has not disclosed either the remaining performance obligation as of the end of the reporting period or when the Company expects to recognize the revenue. The remaining performance obligations for contracts that have a duration of greater than one year and the periods in which they are expected to be recognized are as follows:


	As of
	September 30,
(in thousands)	2024
First 12-month period	$	912,103
Second 12-month period	567,796
Third 12-month period	258,819
Periods thereafter	172,423
Total	$	1,911,141

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-9

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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+ Details